Foreign Languages: Persian

Persian language or Farsi is a pluricentric language predominantly is spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian, Dari Persian (officially named Dari since 1958) and Tajiki Persian (officially named Tajik). Language family: Indo-Iranian languages…

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Persian Language:

The countries that use this language are Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. Persian has left a considerable influence on its neighboring languages, including other Iranian languages, the Turkic languages, Armenian, Georgian, and the Indo-Aryan languages (especially Urdu). It also exerted some influence on Arabic, while borrowing vocabulary from it under medieval Arab rule. There are approximately 110 million Persian speakers worldwide, including Persians, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Caucasian Tats. The term Persephone might also be used to refer to a speaker of Persian. Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision. The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian languages, of which Kurdish is the most widely spoken. In general, the Iranian languages are known for three periods, namely Old, Middle, and New (Modern). These correspond to three historical eras of Iranian history; the Old era being sometime around the Achaemenid Empire (i.e., 400–300 BC), the Middle era being the next period most around the Sasanian Empire, and the New era being the period afterward down to present day. According to available documents, the Persian language is “the only Iranian language” for which close philological relationships between all of its three stages are established and so that Old, Middle, and New Persian represent the same language of Persian; that is, New Persian is a direct descendant of Middle and Old Persian. The known history of the Persian language can be divided into the following three distinct periods:

1. Old Persian.
2. Middle Persian.
3. New Persian.

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